The principle of bridge rectifier (rectifier bridge)
The bridge rectifier (rectifier bridge) product is composed of four rectifier silicon chips connected in a bridge configuration and encapsulated with insulating plastic material. The high-power bridge rectifier is encapsulated with a zinc metal shell outside the insulation layer to enhance heat dissipation. There are many types of bridge rectifiers, including flat, circular, square, bench shaped (divided into direct insertion and surface mount), and GPP and O/J structures. The maximum rectified current ranges from 0.5A to 100A, and the maximum reverse peak voltage ranges from 50V to 1600V. A half bridge is a bridge rectifier circuit that combines half of two diode bridge rectifiers. Two half bridges can form a bridge rectifier circuit, and one half bridge can also form a full wave rectifier circuit with a transformer and a center tap. When choosing a rectifier bridge, consideration should be given to the rectifier circuit and operating voltage. High quality manufacturers include Liujing rectifier Co., Ltd.'s G series rectifier bridge stack, and imported brands such as ST, IR, Taiwan's SEP, GD, etc. The rectifier bridge stack is generally used in full wave rectifier circuits, which are divided into full bridge and half bridge.
As a power component, rectifier bridge is widely used. Applied to various power supply devices.
It is mainly composed of a bridge circuit consisting of four diodes to convert the input AC voltage into the output DC voltage.
During each working cycle of the rectifier bridge, only two diodes are operating at the same time. Through the unidirectional conduction function of the diodes, AC power is converted into unidirectional DC pulsating voltage. Dissecting the commonly used low-power rectifier bridge (such as the RS2501M of RECTRON SEMICONDUCTOR), it can be found that its internal structure is shown in Figure 2. The full wave rectifier bridge adopts a plastic packaging structure (most low-power rectifier bridges use this packaging form). The four main heating components inside the bridge - diodes - are divided into two groups and placed on the copper plates of the DC output pins. There are two connecting copper plates between the DC output pins, which are respectively connected to the input pins (AC input wires), forming a full wave rectifier bridge with four external connection pins that we see in appearance. Due to the plastic packaging structure used in this series of rectifier bridges, epoxy resin is filled around the diodes, pin copper plates, connecting copper plates, and connecting wires as an insulating and thermally conductive skeleton filling material. However, the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin is relatively low (usually 0.35 ℃ W/m, up to 2.5 ℃ W/m), so the junction shell thermal resistance of rectifier bridges is generally large (usually 1.0-10 ℃/W). Normally, in the relevant parameter table of the component, the manufacturer will provide the junction environment thermal resistance (Rja) of the device under natural cooling and the junction shell thermal resistance (Rjc) when the component comes with a heat sink for device cooling.
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